Q) Explain how anaerobic respiration results in a low yield of ATP
Main points | |
Key idea: | Role of O2 during cellular respiration |
· Last e acceptor of the ETC · Allows the continual flow of e throu ETC, and syn of ATP | |
Key idea: | Effect on ETC during anaerobic condition |
· Flow of e throu ETC disrupted · No energy rel needed to pump H+ fr mitoch matrix to intermembrane space - no H+ gradient a/x membr - no ATP via oxidative phosphorylation · NADH + FADH2 remain reduced, so no NAD+ + FAD regenerated for link reaction + Krebs cycle · No ATP fr Krebs cycle via substrate level phosphorylation. | |
Key idea: | Alternative pathway of pyruvate during anaerobic condition |
· Pyruvate is reduced to ethanol (plants, yeast) or lactate (animals) · Ref to enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase (for lactate fermentation) and alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase (for alcoholic fermentation) · NADH reduce pyruvate, hence NAD+ regenerated for glycolysis to continue | |
Key idea: | Consequence in terms of ATP produced |
· Glucose incompletely oxidized, two ATP (instead of 38) are produced from each glucose molecule during glycolysis via substrate level phosphorylation | |
Comments: (i) Visualize the answer with the aid of a labelled diagram. (ii) Verbalize the answer + write down the main points w/o referring to the answer (use abbreviations) (iii) Read again within the next 24h & once more within 72h (do not spend more than 10min) | |
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